УДК 354

Аlla N. Somkina

National Research Ogarеv Mordovia State University (Saransk, Russia),

e-mail: alla-tishkina@yndex.ru

 

Formation of Social Types of Personality in Civilized Society

 

Abstract

Introduction. The article is devoted to the question of the emergence and formation of various social types of personality in the conditions of the emergence of civilized society. This process was accompanied by two major stages in the division of labor – the transition to a producing economy and a sedentary way of life.

Materials and Methods. The basis of the research methodology is the subject-activity approach. It is based on two main typological principles from the point of view of social philosophy: 1) attitude to property and means of production and 2) to the type of professional activity itself. This approach allows us to record the transition from the natural-natural typology of personality in the primitive epoch to the emergence and development of the social-class typology of personality of civilized society on the basis of social class belonging and professional activity in the epoch of the birth of proto-states.

Discussion. With the decomposition of primitive society there are changes in the typology of personality. New types of personality emerge, conditioned by belonging to a certain class or estate. The personalities of slaves, free community members and slave-owners, possessing their own unique features, are formed. Only the personalities of slave-owners are endowed with humanistic traits, as they display a truly human attitude only among their own kind. A slave is not a person; he is just a talking tool. The transition to feudalism was also accompanied by the emergence of a new typology of personality – the life of a slave became a universal value, and it was no longer possible (forbidden by law) to kill him with impunity. He was recognized as a second-rate, but still a person. Only a representative of the upper class was recognized as a full-fledged person. That is, there was a progressive change in values, but at the same time the vestiges of the past formation in the form of class were preserved. They were destroyed in the transition to capitalism, when all individuals were declared free and formally equal in rights.

Conclusion. The conclusion summarizes the results and outlines the prospects for further research.

Keywords: personality, social types, civilized society, estates.

For citation: Somkina A. N. Formation of Social Types of Personality in Civilized Society. Gumanitarian: aktual’nye problemy gumanitarnoi nauki i obrazovaniia = Russian Journal of the Humanities. 2024; 24(3): 269–276. (In Russ.)

 

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