ISSN 2078-9823 (Print), ISSN 2587-7879 (Online)

DOI: 10.15507/2078-9823.066.024.202402.156-165

Alla N. Somkina1, Alexander M. Ezhov2

1,2 National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University (Saransk, Russia),

1 e-mail: alla-tishkina@yndex.ru

2 e-mail: alexe2hov@yandex.ru

 

Natural Foundations of Personality Typology in Primitive Society

 

Abstract

Introduction. The article is devoted to the consideration of the foundations of personality typology of archaic society. One of the prevailing points of view in modern science is the assertion that there was no personality typology in primitive society, as primitive collectivism completely subordinated and suppressed it. In opposition to this point of view, the authors try to substantiate the position that such a typology existed and was quite complex for its time.

Materials and Methods. The study is conducted on the basis of comparative (in comparing different points of view and conceptual approaches) and systemic (in justifying authors’ position) approaches.

Results. Gender and age stratifications were a set of interrelated social institutions, behavioral norms and attitudes. It provided in primitive society the reproduction and necessary distribution of social roles between persons of different ages and sexes for the purpose of effective economic activity.

Discussion and Conclusion. As a result of the analysis and generalization of significant ethnographic and socio-anthropological material, the authors come to the substantiation of the existence of a developed typology of personality of primitive society on natural-natural grounds: 1) on the basis of basic psychological types of personality (sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic, melancholic) and their subtypes; 2) on the basis of gender-age division. The gender-age division, which determines the place and social roles of personality in society from the point of view of its greatest efficiency, is of special importance here.

Keywords: personality, society, social typology, primitive society, economic activity.

For citation: Somkina A. N., Ezhov A. M. Natural Foundations of Personality Typology in Primitive Society.  Gumanitarian: aktual’nye problemy gumanitarnoi nauki i obrazovaniia = Russian Journal of the Humanities. 2024; 24(2): 156–165. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.15507/2078-9823.066.024.202402.156-165.

 

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